What is commedia dell'arte?
A form of improvisational theater originating in Italy during the 16th century.
Commedia Dell'arte: The Improvised Theatre of 16th Century Italy
Commedia dell'arte is a theatrical art form that originated in Italy during the 16th century. Its name means 'comedy of art' and it was characterized by its improvisational nature, use of stock characters and physical comedy.
The performance was based on a scenario, or outline, rather than a fully scripted play. Actors were supplied with the scenario and would then improvise their lines and movements around a loose framework. This allowed for flexibility in the performance and encouraged the actor's creativity.
The use of stock characters, such as Arlecchino, Pantalone, and Il Capitano, allowed audiences to easily recognize the characters and their characteristics. The physicality of the performance, including acrobatics and slapstick comedy, added to the energy and entertainment value.
Commedia dell'arte was influential in the development of modern theatre, providing a model for the use of improvisation and stock characters that continues to influence plays and performances today.
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle uses commedia dell'arte-inspired characters in his story 'The Adventure of the Red Circle', featuring a clown and his wife who are reminiscent of Harlequin and Columbina.
Molière's play 'The Imaginary Invalid' features commedia dell'arte characters such as Argan, the hypochondriac; Toinette, the witty maid; and Doctor Diafoirus, the pompous physician.